Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) Practice Test 2025 - Free AEMT Practice Questions and Study Guide

In the case of a tension pneumothorax, the pressure buildup in the thoracic cavity can significantly compromise respiratory function and circulation. The most immediate and effective intervention to relieve the pressure is needle decompression. This procedure involves inserting a large-bore needle into the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the affected side. This rapid action allows trapped air to escape, thereby reducing intrathoracic pressure and re-establishing normal function of the lungs and heart.

Chest tube insertion is a necessary follow-up intervention for managing a pneumothorax, especially if it is recurrent or if significant pleural fluid drainage is required, but it is not the immediate action required in an emergent situation as would be needle decompression. Endotracheal intubation may be necessary if the patient is unable to maintain their airway or requires ventilatory support, but it does not address the underlying problem of tension and cannot be performed as quickly as needle decompression. Oxygen therapy is essential for patients with respiratory distress or hypoxia; however, it does not resolve the life-threatening issue of a tension pneumothorax.

Therefore, the immediate and critical intervention for tension pneumothorax is to perform needle decompression, as