Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) Practice Test

What leaf-shaped structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing?

1. Vallecula

2. Pharynx

3. Epiglottis

4. Larynx

The correct answer is: Epiglottis

The epiglottis is a crucial structure in the throat that acts as a flap to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing. When a person swallows, the larynx elevates and the epiglottis folds down over the glottis (the opening to the trachea), effectively sealing off the airway. This mechanism ensures that food and liquids are directed into the esophagus and prevents aspiration, which could lead to choking or respiratory complications. The vallecula, while it plays a role in the anatomy of the throat, does not function to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract but rather serves as a space where the epiglottis and the back of the tongue come together. The pharynx is a passageway that connects both the respiratory and digestive tracts but does not have the protective function of the epiglottis. The larynx, often referred to as the voice box, also does not prevent food entry; its primary role is in sound production and protecting the airway during respiration.