Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) Practice Test

What vital sign is most concerning for a patient showing confusion and shortness of breath?

1. Blood pressure of 152/88 mmHg

2. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute

3. SpO2 of 89% on room air

4. Pulse of 124 beats per minute

The correct answer is: SpO2 of 89% on room air

A SpO2 (oxygen saturation) of 89% on room air is particularly concerning for a patient exhibiting confusion and shortness of breath. Oxygen saturation indicates how effectively oxygen is being transported in the bloodstream to support vital organ function. In general, a normal SpO2 level is between 95% and 100%. When levels drop below 90%, it suggests that the body is not receiving enough oxygen, which can lead to tissue hypoxia and serious complications. In a clinical scenario where a patient is presenting with confusion, low oxygen saturation can significantly impact cognitive functions, leading to altered mental status. Confusion can be a direct result of hypoxia, as the brain is highly sensitive to oxygen levels. Additionally, shortness of breath may indicate that the body's demand for oxygen is not being met, further exacerbating the patient's condition. Understanding the implications of oxygen saturation in a compromised patient is vital. Other vital signs, while important, do not directly indicate the immediate need for oxygen support in the same way that an inadequate SpO2 level does. Monitoring and addressing low oxygen levels often become a priority in emergency care situations to stabilize the patient and prevent further deterioration.